COVID-19 and sex differences: role of estrogen

Introduction. Sex differences in the course and outcomes of disease were found during COVID- 19 pandemic. Aim. To summarize knowledge about mechanisms underlying sex COVID-19, with a focus on role estrogen. Materials methods. We conducted study using various databases until September 2022 for keywords “estrogen” “COVID-19”. All articles published English. Results. The review discusses involvement estrogen implementation immune response viral infection. Individual paragraphs article are devoted to effect female hormones coagulation, inflammation, renin-angiotensin system. Conclusion. At end paper, it is concluded that there great potential future work deciphering hormonal effects human physiology explain heterogeneity pathogenic responses may facilitate development more effective personalized interventions.